"A Scholarly Collection of a Missioner"

PROLOGUE

The Brother I. Leo O'Donnell Archives of Christian Brothers University is pleased to present this special collection of the personal library and readings of Reverend John J. Higgins M.M.. This collection owes its existence to the loving care of his brother and sisters whose vision in preserving the books and making them available to scholars makes this a cherished gift to the University. The collection, at present [3/31/95], contains 158 books and pamphlets.

As you will read in the text that follows, Father Higgins was one of those extraordinary people who heard an inner voice calling him, and who chose to answer by leaving his family and his homeland to help others. He did not think of these acts as out of the ordinary, nor did he think himself "special". He simply thought of himself as a man answering God's call. In a society with too few heroes, we easily see his sense of mission as a role model for generations.

We salute and thank the Higgins family of Nashville for their generosity in making this collection available through the O'Donnell Archives.

FATHER JOHN J. HIGGINS

When future writers weave together the rustic and colorful history of the Catholic Church in Tennessee, it will be appropriate to look well beyond the borders of the state - indeed, even the country - to those areas affected by Catholics whose roots and home are in Tennessee Catholicism.

One such Catholic was a young man from the Cathedral of the Incarnation in Nashville, Tennessee. His mission, which he cared for with great zeal, was the Republic of Bolivia in South America, once part of the Inca Empire.

John J. Higgins, son of John Francis and Margaret McGee Higgins of Nashville, announced to his parents at the age of 20 his decision to become a priest with the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (Maryknoll) and serve in its missions. His decision was one which would take this young man, a product of the Catholic education system of the Nashville diocese, into a world not experienced by many, and to that point in history which had not been experienced by any other Tennessee priest - a world of abject poverty, steeped deeply in a culture very different from anything he had ever known.

Born in 1925, John J. Higgins, the eldest of four children, was baptized, educated and first received the sacraments in the Cathedral parish in Nashville. He attended Father Ryan High School and later was graduated from Peabody Demonstration School. He continued his studies at Peabody College until September, 1945, when he entered the Maryknoll Seminary in Ossining, New York. At the seminary he was to receive his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Religious Education degrees.

His first years of seminary life were spent studying philosophy, one year was devoted to work and prayer at the novitiate in Massachusetts. The last four years were spent in the study of Theology.

Ordination ceremonies were held in New York on June 14, 1952, and the newly ordained Father Higgins, a 26-year-old native Nashvillian was assigned to the Diocese of Cochabamba, Bolivia. Before traveling to his assigned mission, Father John celebrated his first Solemn High Mass in his home parish on June 22, 1952, with his longtime pastor, mentor and spiritual guide, Monsignor Albert A. Siener, preaching the sermon.

Monsignor Siener's words spoke eloquently of what the young priest's vocation meant to his parents and to the diocese. He said, "While we regret that he will not remain with us to serve in the diocese of his birth, we rejoice and are proud to have him represent us in the ranks of that glorious missionary Society of Maryknoll, which has distinguished itself in so many mission fields of the church. Our hearty good wishes and prayers go with him into far off Bolivia where he will carry on the great work of Maryknoll."

FIRST YEARS

The first years of his ministry saw young Father Higgins assigned to parish work in the Church of Santa Ana of the Cala Cala district of Cochabamba, Bolivia (in the central portion of the country). He also served the parishes of El Paso and Condebamba, among the Quechua-speaking native population.

It was in his first parish, located in a rural area, that Father John decided to build a new church. Friends of his grandfather, Charles J. McGee, who worked for the Tennessee Central Railroad, saw to it that the Bolivian people his grandson was serving would hear not only the gospel preached by a native Tennessean, but would hear the peal of the church bell which had once been a part of a Tennessee Central steam locomotive. Later, Father John J. Considine was to write of this "Tennessee-Bolivia" connection in an article in the Maryknoll magazine, Field Afar.

Although his time was divided between his missionary circuit assignments, Father John also worked diligently to build a clinic at Condebamba and staffed it with Maryknoll Sisters. In the same area he helped form a farming cooperative for some 25 peasant Indian families.

In Cochabamba, Father Higgins became not only physically but also psychologically close to the people he served, and they to him. A proficient linguist, he was fluent in Latin, Spanish, the Indian dialect of Quechua, Italian, French and Portuguese. He read German and studied Russian. An avid reader, he acquired a profound understanding of the history and struggle of the native Bolivians.

Thoroughly knowledgeable about Bolivian history, Father Higgins lectured on many subjects and was sought out by scholars for precise information on Bolivian culture and history.

SECOND ASSIGNMENT

His knowledge of Bolivian history caused him to devote much attention to the restoration and embellishment of the colonial and national monument of the San Pedro Temple in the Bolivian capital, La Paz, where he was stationed in 1959. In 1962, he was named pastor of San Pedro Parish. In this parish, Father John ministered to some 40,000 parishioners, much of his traveling was done on motorcycle or horseback, as the rugged terrain prevented the roads from being accessible except in the dry season. The colonial church building he worked to restore fascinated him as it was originally constructed in the 16th century.

SEMI-FEUDAL SYSTEM

Agriculture and mining are important to Bolivia. Agriculture is limited to producing potatoes, barley, quinoa, broad beans, wheat, alfalfa and coca. Most important is the potato, however, which is dehydrated and frozen to form chuno, a staple which keeps indefinitely. Some two-thirds of the land must lie fallow, and what is farmed is inadequate to produce food for the whole population. Over 50 percent of the food must be imported. Nearly all farm work is performed by hand by the native people.

A semi-feudal system of land tenure existed until 1952, when plots of land from the vast haciendas (up to 10,000 acres each) were divided among the Indians - who were given 25 years to pay for them. Eventually, once productive estates became little more than kitchen gardens. There was little productive land below 14, 000 feet above sea level not being used.

Of the minerals (gold, silver, cooper, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, lead and zinc), the most important is tin. Bolivia is the only country in the world which mines tin commercially. Ores are complex and the veins difficult to locate after so many years of mining. The mines are so high in the Andes that only the native Indians can perform sustained labor in the thin, rarified air.

The life of the Indian is hard, at best. In one area, the ore-bearing rock is so hot that the miners wear only breechcloths and rubber boots. The temperature in the mines varies from 120 to 125 degrees and the humidity ranges from 90 to 95 percent. Rock dust fills the air and 60 percent of the miners contract tuberculosis. At the end of the day, miners come from the sweltering mine into the cold air of the Altiplano and to their unheated homes.

INFANT MORTALITY, LIFE EXPECTANCY

By the time Father John reached his mission in Bolivia the population had not increased much over the years, with the high infant mortality rate, as a result of exposure to cold, malnutrition, and lack of hygienic conditions. The life expectancy of a native Bolivian was 35 years, among the lowest levels in Latin America. In certain highland areas, the number of children who died before their first birthday was equal to the number born each year.

Life was hard for both crops and animals. Finding fuel to cook with or to warm one's family by was difficult. Clothing and blankets are made from the wool of sheep and llamas. Most of the Indians chew coca (from which the drug cocaine is derived), as it serves to numb the senses and mask the appetite. Life for many was an endless struggle, to wrestle, from a stubborn environment, enough food and wool on which to live.

Centuries of bitter experience with the white population had taught the Indians to have as little as possible to do with the white men (a carry-over from colonial land-owner days.)

'BEGGAR SITTING ON A CHAIR OF GOLD'

A French paleontologist once described Bolivia as a "beggar sitting on a chair of gold," a recognition of the contrast between the severe poverty of the many parts of the country and the richness of its underdeveloped resources. An excessive dependence on mining brought a catastrophic collapse to the economy in 1953, when the tin industry failed. Acute inflation followed, and the U.S. fearing that Bolivia would return to its former Socialist-Marxist government, initiated a program of aid. 

FIRST BANKING CO-OP

While serving in La Paz, Father John established that nation's first banking cooperative and introduced the natives to banking, which Americans and much of the world took for granted. The concept of placing money in a bank was highly suspect to many of the native people - a concept they had never encountered. And, the idea of money earning interest was even more bizarre to their culture.

Father John spearheaded the establishment of the San Pedro Savings and Credit Cooperative in April, 1964, and within three years had enrolled some 830 members, who amassed over $30,000 in savings, much of which was deposited a dollar at a time. Bolivians' incomes were about $50 per month at the time.

The October 16, 1988 issue of U. S. News and World Report quoted Father John as saying, "When we started, we held a 9 week course just to get across the idea that money would be safe in something besides jewelry and gold nuggets. And the idea you could put $100 in the bank and get back $110 in a year, without doing anything, was completely mystifying.

VISITING PRISONERS

In addition to his concern for the economic and spiritual welfare of his parishioners, Father John also made a special point to visit the imprisoned. He organized the Congregation of Jesus of Nazareth, and the women of the parish assisted in many of the temporal needs of the prisoners. He also aided many of the prisoners in staying out of jail once released.

SAINT VINCENT'S CLINIC

Another of Father John's projects was the Saint Vincent Clinic, where the needy could come for help. One of his last decisions before returning to the States was to move the clinic nearer the Maryknoll Sisters' house. The Sisters had come to Bolivia at Father John's request and they were involved in many spiritual and social good works. A food kitchen was also begun under his leadership, and some 80 people were fed a hot meal daily - oftentimes the only meal they had all day.

WANTED TO DIE AMONG HIS PEOPLE

Father John Higgins, in his 15 years of ministry to the people of Bolivia, returned to his native Tennessee only on a few occasions. Once was in 1964 on the occasion of the death of his father. He sang the Mass of Resurrection for his father's funeral at the Cathedral in Nashville.

His last trip home brought tragedy for all who knew him. The Maryknoll Society had flown Father John to Washington, D.C., for a series of tests in September, 1967. Sadly, the tests revealed that Father John had terminal cancer. He was then flown to Nashville for treatment. Only three weeks later the 42-year-old priest, known as Father Juan by those he loved and served in Bolivia, died on September 26, 1967.

He was buried from the Cathedral of the Incarnation where the Mass of the Resurrection was sung by the Very Reverend John J. McCormack, Superior General of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America. Father John Higgins was laid to rest at Calvary Cemetery in Nashville. He was survived by his mother, two sisters (Mrs. Morris H. Brogden and Mrs. Walton C. Thompson) and his brother (Judge Thomas A. Higgins), all of Nashville.

Father Higgins told his mother shortly before his death, "If I had known of this in La Paz, I would have stayed to die among my faithful and have been buried in Bolivia."

On the octave of Father Higgins' death, a Mass was celebrated in his honor at his parish of San Pedro, La Paz, Bolivia.

TIED TO HIS PEOPLE

When one looks over the 15 years Father John spent in priestly devotion to his "people," one might appropriately recall the words of his first pastor, Monsignor Albert A. Siener, on the day Father Higgins celebrated his first Solemn High Mass in the Cathedral of the Incarnation in Nashville.

"The priest has titles of honor, which endear him to his people. He is the shepherd who watches over and guards his flock from danger, who leads it into green pastures and goes in search of lost sheep. He is a mediator between God and man. He is an ambassador, a herald bringing to men the glad tidings of redemption. He is a minister of Christ and a dispenser of His mysteries. But of all the titles there is none more significant nor more honorable than that of Father.

This title sums up in a word all those dear ties which bind him to his people. He is the spiritual father who regenerated them in baptism and made them children of God, who watches over them with parental care; their unfailing friend in time of need, their counselor in affliction, the sharer of their joys and sorrows. The priest may receive from the church other titles of distinction, but none can ever be dearer to him than that of Father"*
*Adapted from: The Tennessee Register, April 13, 1987.

THE HIGGINS COLLECTION

Abecia, Dr. Valentin Inaguracion De La Estatua Del Colorne Doctor Jose Bernardo de Montegudo.,(translation: Inauguration of the Statue of the Colorne Doctor Jose Bernardo de Montegudo.), 1909. 42p.

Alba, Armando. Guia Historica, Geografica, Fisica, Politica, Civil Y Legal DelGobierno E Intendencia de la Provincia de Postosi., (translation: Historical Guide, Geography, Physical, Civil and Legal Guide of the Government of Intendencia of the Province of Potosi.), 1952. 837p.

Amat, Felix Torres. La Sagrada Biblia, (translation: The Holy Bible.), 1950. 1315p.

Anonymous. American Indigena., (translation: Indian America.), 1961. 365p.

__________. Analisis De La Pesca De Consumo., Program No. 1. Segundo Informe. (translation: Analysis of Commerical Fisheries. Program No. 1, Second Part.), 1956. 193p.

__________. Anexos a la Memoria del Ministro de Reliciones Exteriores y Culto presentada al Congreso Ordinario de 1902., (translation: Appendix to the Memory of the Ministry of Foreign Relations and Culture Presented to the Ordinary Congress of 1902.), government document appendix, 1903. 436p.

__________. Anexos, (translation: Documents.). n.d. 296p.

__________. Anuario Eclesiastico Boliviano., (translation: Bolivian Ecclesiastical Yearbook.), 1924. 857p.

__________. Anuario Eclesiastico Boliviano., (translation: Bolivian Ecclesiastical Yearbook.), 1924. 217p.

__________. Boletin Dela Sociedad Geografica Sucre., Tomo XLII, (translation: Bulletin of the Sucre Geographic Society.), 1947. 592p.

__________. Boletin Eclesiastico XXVII., (translation: Ecclesiastical Bulletin XXVII.), No. 187, 1951. 52p.

__________. Boletin Eclesiastico XXVII., (translation: Ecclesiastical Bulletin XXVII. [Msgr. Luis Rodriguez Padro, Auxiliary Bishop Of the Dicoese.]), 1956. 23p.

__________. Boletin Eclesiastico XXVIII., (translation: Ecclesiastical Bulletin XXVIII. [Msgr. Luis Rodriguez Padro, Auxiliary Bisohp of Santa Cruz De La Sierra, Was Consecrated On October 5, 1952.]), 1952. 49p.

__________. Boletin Eclesiastico XXVIII., (translation: Ecclesiastical Bulletin XXVIII. [The Holy Father Expersses His Joy and Paternal Praises About the Success Of The Holy Mission.]), 1957. 64p.

__________. Boletin Eclesiastico XXIX., (translation: Ecclesiastical Bulletin XXIX. [Encyclical Letter Or Our Holy Lord By the Grace Of The Holy Providence of Pope Pius XII.]), 1953. 84p.

__________. Capitulor Preliminares., Capitalo I, (translation: Preliminary Terms., Chapter 1), n.d. 275p.

__________. Carta Enciclica De Nuestro Santisimo Senor Por La Divina Prvidencia Pio Papa XII. Boletin Eclesiastico., (translation: Encyclical Letter Of Our Holy Father Pius XII.), 1953. 68p.

__________. Catecismo Unico De la Doctrina Cristiana., (translation: Exclusive Catechism of Christian Doctrine.), by: permission of the Archbishop of La Paz, published: 1955. 130p.

__________. Combate de Kari-Kari Aclaraciones Obligadas Y Necesarias. , (translation: Obligatory and Necessary Explanations of Kari-Kari Combat.), 1889. 32p.

__________. Costo De Formacion Prefesional En Las Universidades Nacionales Del Peru., (translation:: Cost of Professional Education in the State Universities of Peru.), 1967. 49p.

__________. Desarrollo Del Pensamieto Politico De Bolivia., (translation: The Development Of Political Thought In Bolivia.), 1953. 117p.

__________. Documentos Para la Historia Nacional, Homenaje A los heroes del 10 Novembre de 1810: Salvador Mator... Pedro A. Ascarate... Eustaquio Eguivar... Alejo Nogales... Joaquim de la Quintana... Manuel Millares... Manuel Molina... Mariano Subieta... Melchor Daza... Diego Barrenchea... Pedro Costas..., (translation: Documents of the National History, Tribute to the Heroes of November 10, 1810: Salvador Mator, etc.), 1918. 45p.

___________. Don Nicanor Flores Y Narciso Campero Ante La Opinion Publica. , (translation: Don Nicanor Flores and Narciso Campero In Light of Public Opinion.), 1873. 20p.

___________. El Dr. Guillermo Urquidi y Su " Monografia del Departmento de Cochabamba"., (translation: Dr. Guillermo Urquid: and his "Monograph of the Department of Cochabamba"., n.d. 354p.

__________. Eldorado Boliviano., (translation: Bolivian Eldorado.), n.d. 240p.

__________. Exposicion Que Presenta A La Convencion Nacional El General Nicanor, Flores, Jefe Superior, Politico I Militar Del Sud., (translation: Presentation to the National Convention: General Nicanor Flores, Superior Chief, First Military Superior of the South.), 1880. 13p.

__________. Follestos Historicos Boliviano., (translation: Historical Bolivian Pamphlets.), (bound set of pamphlets, multiple authors/dates).

__________. Fr. Tarsicio Senner, O.F.M., (translation: Fray Tarsicio Senner, O. F. M., Bishop of Cochabamba, pastoral letter), n.d. 21p.

__________. Historia De La Conquista Del Oriente Bolivano., (translation: History Of The Conquest Of Eastern Bolivia.), 1939. 401p.

__________. Historia, Geografia, Politica, Economia, Industrias., (translation: History, Geography, Polotics, Economics, Industry.), n.d. 88p.

__________. Indian Language. (Title page missing), n.d. aprox. 600p.

__________. Indian Prayer Book., n.d. 8p.

__________. Informe Del Primer Seminario Distrital De Voluntarias., (translation: Report of the First Seminary District of Volunteers.), April, 1963. 66p.

__________. La America Y Los Aliados De La Corte Del Brasil., (translation: America and the Allies of the Court of Brazil.), 1866. 26p.

__________. La Reforma De La Liturgia De La Semana Santa El Decreto "Maxima Redemptionis Nostrae Mysteria.", (translation: Liturgical Reform of Holy Week. The Decree of the Sacred Congragation for Rites "Maxima Redemptionis Nostrae Mysteria."), 1955. 70p.

__________. Literatura Boliviana - Enrique Finot., (translation: Bolivian Literature - Enrique Finot.), n.d. 286p.

__________. Los Incas., (translation: The Incas., n.d. 205p.

__________. Memoria de Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto., (translation: Memorandum of the Minister of Foreign Relations and Culture.), 1903. 362p.

__________. Misterios De La Inquisicion De Espana., (translation: Misteries of the Inquisition in Spain.), n.d. 202p.

__________. Modesto Omiste, Su Tiempo Y Su Accion., (translation: Modesto Omiste. Its Time And Work.), n.d. 253.

__________. Para La Historia De La Constitucion de 1861., (translation: About the History of the Constitution of 1861.), 1963. 56p.

__________. Prefacio. - Aymara Grammar Book, (translation: Preface - Aymara Grammar Book.), n.d. 238p.

__________. Presiguiendo La Honrosa Faena., (translation: Pursuing Honorable Work.), n.d. 150p.

__________. Prologo - Ano 1573., (translation: Prologue - Year 1573.) n.d. 557p.

__________. Prologo - Ano De 1617., (translation: Prologue - Year 1617. Before The Town Council, Justice and Army of the City of Oropesa.) n.d. 414p.

__________. Propaganda Patriotica Homenaje al aniversario de la Gloria de Calama., (translation: Propaganda of Patriotic Homage to the Anniversary of the Glory of Calama.), 1921. 33p.

__________. Provision Del Virey - Don Francisco del Toledo, (translation: Provisions of the Kingdom), (cover and title page missing) n.d. 556p.

__________. Raimundo Gregorio S. De L. - Salario, Salario Justo, Salario Familiar., (translation: Raimundo Gregoriu S. De L. - Salary, Just Salary, Family Salary.), n.d. 418p.

__________. Refutagion., (translation: Refutation.), 1865. 35p.

__________. Todavia Don Aniceto Arce., (translation: Still Don Aniceto Arce.), 1886. 24p.

__________. Un Consevador Articulos Publicados en "La Capital"., (translation: Conservative Articles Published in the Capital.), 1896. 50p.

__________. Una Calumnia Desmentida Con Testimonios Irreprochables., (translation: A Calumny Denied With Irreproachable Testimonies.), 1865. 25p.

__________. Visita Hecha A La Privincia De Chucuito Por Garci Diez De San Miguel En El Ano 1567., (translation: Visit Made By Garci Diez De San Miguel To The Province Of Chucuito In The Year 1567.), 1964. 444p.

__________. Yatekapjjanani Leena, (translation: Aymar Grammar), published by: The Instituto Linguistico de Verano in collaboration with the Comision of Alfabetizacion y Literatura en Aymara, (translation: published by the Linguistic Institute of Verano in collaboration with the Commission of Alphabetization and Literature of the Aymara), 1965. 118p.

Arce, Vargas, Mario. Monografia Estadistica Indigena De Bolivia., (translation: Statistical monograph Of The Bolivian Indians.), 1954. 46p.

Arthur. Los Obispos Conspiradores., (translation: The Conspirator Bishops.), 1907. 35p.

Armentia, Fr. Nicolas. Oficina Nacional de Inmigracion, Estadistica y Propoganda Georgrfica,Limite de Bolivia Con El Peru., (translation: National Office of Immigration, Statistical and Geographic Information, The Borders of Bolivia Shared with Peru.), 1897. 176p.

Arroyo, Pl Luis, O.F.M. Comisarios Generales Del Peru., (translation: Commisars General of Peru.), 1950. 594p.

Astrain, P. Antonio. Historia de la Compania De Jesus en la Asistencia de Espana., Tomo I, (translation: History of the Society of Jesus in the Assistance of Spain., Vol. 1), 1912. 716p.

__________. Historia de la Compania De Jesus en la Asistencia de Espana., Tomo II, (translation: History of the Society of Jesus in the Assistance of Spain., Vol. 2), 1905. 645p.

__________. Historia de la Compania De Jesus en la Asistencia de Espana., Tomo IV, (translation: History of the Society of Jesus in the Assistance of Spain., Vol. 4), 1913. 831p.

__________. Historia de la Compania De Jesus en la Asistencia de Espana. , Tomo V, (translation: History of the Society of Jesus in the Assistance of Spain., Vol. 5), 1916. 734p.

__________. Historia de la Compania De Jesus en la Asistencia de Espana. , Tomo VI, (translation: History of the Society of Jesus in the Assistance of Spain., Vol. 6), 1920. 890p.

__________. Historia de la Compania de Jesus. Tomo III, (translation: History of the Society of Jesus., Vol 3.), 1909. 744p.

Atilantida, S.A. Los Jesuitas En El Rio De La Plata., (transition: The Jesuits in Silver River.), 1941. 131p.

Avendado, Walter del Castillo. Compilacion Legal de la Reforma Agraria en Bolivia., (translation: Legal Complication of Agrarian Reform in Bolivia.), 1955. 336p.

Bayle S.J., Constantino. El Protector De Indios., (translation: The Protector of the Indians.), 1945. 175p.

Buesco, Juan Perz De Tudela. Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles., (translation: Reference Library of Spanish Authors.), 1958. 557p.

__________. Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles., (continuation), (translation: Reference Library of Spanish Authors., 1958. 502p.

Calancha, Fray Antonio De La. Cronica Moralizada., (translation: Chronicle of a Moralist.), 1939. 224p.

Campero, General Narciso. Contestacion A Los Varios Repoches Y Ataques,, (translation: Answer to Various Reproaches and Attacks.), 1884. 35p.

Cardus, Fr. Jose. Las Misiones Franciscanas., (translation: The Franciscan Missions.), 1886. 425p.

__________. La Doctrinia Cristiana., (translation: The Christian Doctrine.), 1883. 248p.

Claure, Alfonso Prudencio. Bolivia: Tupical Paris (Notificas de Perfil)., (translation: Bolivia: A Typical Country (A Sketch of Information)., n.d., 215p.

Coleman, William J., M.M. Restauracion Del Episcopado Chileno En 1828 Segun Fuentes Vaticanas., (translation: The Restoration Of The Chilean Bishops In 1828 Accoridng To Vatican Sources.), 1954. 45p.

D'Arlach, Thomas O'Connor. El General Melgarejo. Hechos Y Dichos De Este Hombre Celebre., (translation: The General Malgarejo. Deeds and Syaings Of This Fomous Man.), n.d. 247p.

d'Orbigny, Alcides. Descripcion Geografics, Historica Y Estadistica de Bolivia., Tomo I. (translation: Geographic, Historic and Statistical Description of Bolivia.), Vol. 1., 1946. 421p.

Daniboriena S.I., Prudenicio. Fe Ctolica Iglesias y Sectas De La Reforma., (translations: The Catholic Faith and the Sects of the Reformation.), 1961. 1228p.

Dereims, Alfredo. Geologia Nacional. Excusiones Cientificas 1901-1904. Informe Del Ingeniero Geologo Alfredo Deremis., (translation: Geology of the Country. Scientific Expeditions. 1901-1904. Report of the Geologist Alfredo Dereims.), 1955. 60p.

Dominquez, Don Pedro Vicente Canete y. Potosi Colonial., (translation: Colonial Potosi.), 1939. 207

Ebbing o.e.s.a., Juan Enrique. Gramatica Aimara., (translation: Aymara Grammar.), 1960. 110p.

Egana S.I., Anjtonio De. Historia de la Iglesia En La America Espanola. , (translation: History of the Church in Latin America.), 1966. 1126p.

Farrell, Walter. A Companion To The Suma., 1945. 529p.

Furlong, Guillermo, S.J. Jose Manuel Peramas U Su Diario del Destierro (1768)., (translaiton: Jose Manuel Peramas and His Diary of Exile. 1768.), 1952. 226p.

__________. Pedro Juan Andreu Y Su Carta A Mateo Andreu, Etc. 1750., (translaiton: Pedro Juan Andreu And His Letters to Mateo Andreu. 1750.), 1953. 150p.

Fuster, Elano Nascar, & Alberto Colunga O.P. La Sagrada Biblia., (translation: The Holy Bible.), 1965. 1312p.

Gallemart, Joannis, Augustini Barbosae, Cardinalis De Luca. Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Tridentium., (translation: The Most Holy Ecumenical Council of Trent.), MDCCLXXIX (1779). 676p.

Garcia S.J., Juan Antonio. Gramatica Aymara Sobre la base de una edicion antigua., (translation: Aymara Grammar Based on an Old Edition.), 1917. 256p.

Garcia Gutierrez, Jesus. Regio Patronato Indiano., (translation: Historical Notes About The Origin And Development Of The Royal Indian Patronage Until 1857.), 1941. 331p.

Granada, Fray Louis De. Obras Del Venerable Padre Maetro., Tomo I, (translation: The Works of Venerable Father Maetro., Vol. 1), MDCCC (1800). 345p.

Guzman, Augusto. El Kolla Mitrado. (translation: The Kolla With a Miter. Biography of a colonial Bishop, Fray Bernardino de Cardenas. Second Edition), 1954. 169p.

Haenke, Thaddeaus Peregrinus. Discripcion del Reyon de Chile., (translation: Description of the Kingdom of Chile.), 1942. 280p.

Herrera, Antonio de. Historia De Las Indias., (translation: History Of The Indies.), n.d. 390p.

__________. Historia General De Los Hechos De Los Castellanos En Las Islas y Tierra-Firme., Tomo V, (translation: General History of the Acts of the Castillians in the Islands and Mainland., Vol. 5), n.d. 375p.

__________. Historia General De Los Hechos De Loc Castellanos en Las Islas, y Tierra-Firme de el Mar Oeceano., Vol. 9, (translation: General History of the Acts of the Castillians in the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean.), n.d. 400p.

__________. Historia General., Tomo I, (translation: General History., Vol, 1), n.d. 399p.

__________. Historia General., Tomo IV, (translation: General History., Vol, 4), n.d. 387p.

__________. Historia General., Tomo VIII, (translation: General History., Vol, 8), n.d. 341p.

Hita, Joacuim de. Los Jesuitas en el banquillo., (translation: The Jesuits on the Bench.), 1934. 403p.

Iturri, Luz A. "Colorados de Bolivia"., (translation: Colors of Bolivia.), 1931. 113p.

Kissane, Rev. Edward J., D.D. L.S.S. The Book Of Isaiah: Translated From The Hebrew Test With Commentary., 1941. 425p.

Labougle, Raul de. Historia De Los Comuneros., (translation: History Of The Commoners.), 1953. 298p.

Lavandenz, J. La Colonizacion en Boliva., (translation: The Colonization in Boliva.), 1925. 108p.

Loayza, Francisco A. La Verdad Desnuda., (transaltion: The Bare Truth.), 1943. 276p.

__________. Estado Del Peru., Tomo V, (translation: The State of Peru.), Vol. 5, 1944. 224p.

Lopez Menendez, Felipe. Anuario Eclesiastico De Bolivia., (translation: Yearbook of the Church in Bolivia.), 1953. 299p.

Macanaz, D Melchor De. Pedimento Del Fiscal Jeneral., (translation: Petition of the District Attorney.), 1860. 40p.

Machicao, P.D. Prosa Y Verso de Bolivia ANTOLOGIA., Segundo Tomo, (translation: Prose and Verses of Bolivia - Anthology., Vol. II), 1966. 294p.

Martinez, C. Walker. El Dictador Linares, (translation: The Dictator Linares), 1900. 260p.

Maryknoll. Que Son Los Adventistas?, (translation: What Are The Adventists?), 1957. 39p.

Mateos S.J., F. Historia General De La Compania De Jesus En La Provincia Del Peru., (translation: General History Of The Company Of Jesus In the Province of Peru.), 1944. 479p.

Medina, Jose Toribio. Historica Del Tribunal De La Inquisicion De Lima., Vol. I, (translation: History of the Tribunal of the Inquisition of Lima.), 1956. 333p.

__________. Historica Del Tribunal De La Inquisicion De Lima., Vol. II, (translation: History of the Tribunal of the Inquisition of Lima.), 1956. 530p.

Mesa, Jose De, & Teresa Gilbert. Holguin y La Pintura Altoperuana del Virreinato., (translation: Holguin and the Highland Peruvian Painting of Virreinato.), 1956. 321p.

Metraux, Alfred. La Isla De Pascua., (translation: The Easter Island.), 1950. 264p.

Mille, Andres. Cronica De La Orden Franciscana En La Conquista Del Peru, Paraguay Y El Tucuman, Y Su Concento Del Antiguo Buenos Aires. 1212-1800., (translation: Chronicles of the Pranciscan Order During the Conquest Of Peru, Paraguay And Tucuman, And Its Convent In Old Buenos Aries. 1212-1800., 1961. 488p.

Molina, M., Placido. Historia De La Gobernacion E Intendencia De Santa Cruz De La Sierra., (translation: History Of The Government And Management Of Santa Cruz De La Siera), 1936. 191p.

Montalban S.I., Francisco J. Historia De La Iglesia Catholica., Tomo IV, (Translation: History of the Catholic Church., Vol. 4), 1950. 851p.

Morales, Jose Agustin. Primer Centenaria De Bolivia., (translation: First Centenary of Bolivia.), n.d. 752p.

Navarro, Jose Gabriel. Los Franciscanos En La Conquista Y Colonizaction De America (Fuera De Las Antillas., (translation: The Franciscans In The Conquest And Colonization of America (Outside Of The Antilles).), 1955. 178p.

Nino, P. Bernardion De. Continuacion De La Historia de Misiones Francisanas., (translation: Continuation of the History of the Franciscan Missions.), 1908. 314p.

Olaneta, Casimiro. Mi Defensa., (translation: My Defense.), circa 1880. 25p.

__________. Protesta Que Hace, Contra La Violenta Orden., (translation: Protest That Makes A Case Against the Violent Order.), 1886. 40p.

Otero, Gustavo Adolfo. Figura Y Caracter Del Indio., (translation: Image And Character Of The Indian. The Andean-Bolivian Indians., 1955. 205p.

__________. La Piedra Magica. Vida Y Costumbres De Los Indios Callahuayas De Bolivia., (translation: The Magin Stone. Life and Costumes of the Callahuayas Indians of Bolivia., 1951. 292p.

__________. La Vida Scoial Del Coloniaje., (translation: Social Life In The Colonial Period. History Outline of High Pery, Present Day Bolivia., 1942. 399p.

Palma, Jose. Monografia De La Revolucion de 16 de Julio de 1809., (translation: Monograph of the Revolution of July 16, 1809.), 1911. 74p.

Palza S., Ernesto. Indio Americanos., Tomo I, (translation: American Indians., Vol. 1), 1946. 191p.

__________. Indio Americanos., Tomo II, (translation: American Indians., Vol. 2), 1946. 182p.

Papini, Giovanni. Dante Vivo., (translation: Dante Alive.), n.d. 222p.

Paz Estenssoro, Victor. Discursos Y Mensajes., (translation: Speeches and Messages by Victor Pas Estenssoro.), 1953. 184p.

Pericot Garcia, Luis. America Indigena. Tomo I, (translation: Native America, Vol. 1.), 1936. 727p.

Pierini, Monsenor Fr. Francisco. Obra Pastorales y Oratorias., Tomo VIII, (translation: Pastoral Work and Speeches.), 1929. 192p.

Quesada, Vincent G. Cronicas Potosinas., Vol. 1, (translation: Chronicles of the Potosis.), 1950. 397p.

__________. Cronicas Potosinas., Vol. 2, (translation: Chronicles of the Potosis.), 1951. 382p.

Reno-Moreno, Gabriel. Ultimos Dias Coloniales En El Alto Peru. (translation: The Last Colonial Days in Upper Peru., 1940. 245p.

Reyeros, Radfael. Historia Social de Indio Boliviano "El Pongueaje"., (translation: Social History of the Bolivian Indians, "The Pongueaje".), 1949. 216p.

Riva-Aguero, Jose De La. Historia del Peru., Tomo I, (translation: History of Peru., Vol 1.), 1953. 486p.

Rose, Alejandro. Paginas Patrioticas Tambillos 6 de Diciembre de 1879., (translation: Patriotic Pages of Tambillos, December 6, 1879.), 1915. 19p.

Salamanca, Daniel. Apunte Para Una Teoria Del Valor., Tomo XXIII, (translation: Notes for a Theory of Bravery., Vol. 23), 1935. 23p.

Sans, El M.R.P. Fr. Rafael. Memoria Historica de San Jose De la Paz., (translation: Historical Memory of St. Joseph of Peace.), 1888. 239p.

Santa Ccuz, Victor. Historia Colonial De La Paz., (translation: Colonial History of La Paz.), 1940. 128p.

Sargarnaga, Luis S. La Mita., (translation: The Enforced Service of Indians.), 1917. 18p.

Sierra, Vicente D. Los Jesuitas Germanos en La Conquista Espiritual de Hispano-America., (translation: The German Jesuits in the Spiritual Conquest of Latin America. XVII-XVIII Cent.), 1944. 421p.

Suarez, Jose Chavez. Historia de Moxos., (translation: History of Moxos.), 1944. 509p.

Taborga, Luis. Tierra Morena., (translation: The Dark Land.), 1949. 186p.

Telleria C.SS.R., Raimundo. Libro de Oro (Preparacion Para La Meurte)., (translation: Book of Gold [Preparation for Death].), n.d. 785p.

Tomaselli S.D.B., Giuseppe. Sito - Meditaciones para Sacerdotes., (translation: I Thirst - Meditations for Priests.), 1961. 158p.

Torres Lopez, Ciro. Las Maravillosas Tierras Del Acre (En La Floresta Amzonica De Bolivia., (translation: The Marvellous Land of "Acre." In the Amazon Forest of Bolivia.), 1930. 746p.

Tudela, Juan Perez De & Emilio Lopez Oto. Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles., (translation: Library of Spanish Authors.), 1961. 611p.

Ulloa, Jorge, Juan & Antonio de. Noticias Secretas De America. Siglo XVIII., (translation: Secret News From America. XVIII Century. Vol. II.), 1918, 376p.

Urquidi, Guillermo. Tierras Del Secure - Tesoros Nacionales Desconocidos., (translation: Lands of the Plain -Unknown National Treasures), 1932. 87p.

Urguidi, Dr. Jose Mecedonio. Fastos Del Tiempo Heroico. La Ultima Revolucion De Cochabamba., (translation: Facts From A Heroic Era. The Last Cochabamba Revolution (14 January 1825), 1943. 113p.

Valazquez, Pablo Cejudo. Colorista del Collao Una Biografia de Italaque y del pintor Leonardo Flores., (translation: Colorista of Collao: A Biography of Italy and the Painter Leonardo Flores.), 1966. 169p.

Valencia, Vincente Rodriguez. Santo Toribio De Mogrovejo - Organizado y Apostol de Sur- America., Tomo I, (translation: St. Turibius of Mogrovejo - Organizer and Apostle of South America., Vol. 1), 1956. 562p.

__________. Santo Toribio De Mogrovejo - Organizado y Apostol de Sur-America., Tomo II, (translation: St. Turibius of Mogrovejo - Organizer and Apostle of South America., Vol. 2), 1956. 523p.

Vargas Ugrate S.J., Ruben. Concilios Limenses., Vol. II, (translation: Councils of Lima.), 1952. 253p.

__________. Concilios Limenses 1551-1772., Tomo III, (translation: Councils of Lima., Vol. 3), 1954. 212p.

__________. Historia De La Iglesia En El Peru., Tomo I, (translation: History of the Church in Peru., Vol. 1), 1953. 422p.

__________. Historia De La Iglesia En El Peru., Tomo II, (translation: History of the Church in Peru., Vol. 2), 1959. 546p.

__________. Historia Del Peru., Siglo XVII, (translation: History of Peru - 17th Century.), 1955. 436p.

__________. Historia Del Peru., Siglo XVIII, (translation: History of Peru - 18th Century.), 1956. 464p.

__________. Historia Del Peru 1551-1660., (translation: History of Peru.), 1949. 465p.

__________. Historia Del Peru., (translation: History of Peru. ), 1956. 475p.

__________. Impresos Peruanos 1584-1560., Vol. VII, (translation: Peruvian Publications.), 1953. 272p.

__________. Impresos Peruanos 1651-1699., Vol. VIII, (translation: Peruvian Publications.), 1954. 329p.

__________. Los Jesuitas Del Peru., (translation: The Jesuits of Peru.), 1941. 228p.

__________. Manual De Estudios Peruanistas. Lima., (translation: Manual of Peruvian Studies, publised by the Academy of Language and History, Lima, Peru. 1952. 364p.

__________. Pasaceres Juridicos en Asuntos de Indias., (translation: Judicial Laws on Indian Matters,), 1951. 183p.

Villarejo O.S.A., Avencio. Los Agustinos En El Peru. (translation: The Augustinians In Peru. 1548-1965), 1965. 480p.

Villarroel, Andres Novillo. 23.Oral - Notas Sobre Su Pasado., (translation: 23rd Speech - Notes About His Past.), 1928. 112p.

Villoslada S.I., Ricardo Garcia. Historia De La Iglesia Catholica., Tomo II, (translation: History of the Catholic Church.), Vol. 2), 1953. 1006p.

Xirau, Joaquin. Vida Y Obra De Ramon Lull. Filosofia Y Mistica., (translation: Life and Works of Ramon Lull. Philosophy and Mysticism.), 1946. 282p.

A WORD OF SPECIAL THANKS

In February of 1959, Mr. George E. Barrett of Nashville was the recipient of a gift of two books from Father John Higgins. In January of 1995, upon hearing of this special collection to honor Father Higgins, Mr. Barrett generously donated the books to this collection. They are:

Chateaubriand, Francois-Auguste., Genie Du Christianisme, or Beautes de La Religion Chretienne. Tome Premier, Paris, 1803. 730p.

Chateaubriand, Francois-Auguste., Genie Du Christianisme, or Beautes de La Religion Chretienne. Tome Second, Paris, 1803. 642p.

Christian Brothers University is grateful to Mr. Barrett for his generosity.